The last day of April brings we of Nordic heritage to another celebration
of the season: Valborgsmässoafton, or Valborg, perhaps best known as
Walpurgis. Nowadays, it is the prelude to the May First celebrations
around the world, particularly in Europe. Walpurgis Night (Valborgsmässoafton
in Swedish, Vappu in Finnish, Walpurgisnacht in German) is a holiday celebrated
on April 30.
The night is linked to Pagan rituals occurring everywhere in the Old
World, from the British Isles to the European Continent. The most
noted (modern-day) tradition of Valborgsmässoafton is the construction
and lighting of huge bonfires, usually along the shore of a lake or river,
where people gather to (sometimes) consume copious amounts of alcohol, grill
and eat and sing songs far into the night.
All the various countries' celebrations seem to be named from an ancient
lady named Valborg (there are alternate spellings). Born somewhere
around Dorset, on the south coast of England, together with her siblings she
traveled to Germany, where she eventually became a nun in a convent founded
by her brother Wunibald, in Heidenheim. Valborg died in the year 779,
but her legend lives on. Brought to sainthood the following May after
her death, February 25, Valborg is still remembered on the Catholic and other
names-day calendars.
What would spring be without the celebration of Viking fertility celebrations.
Traditionally occurring around the end of April, Valborg soon became associated
with these, as the Viking influence was spread in their travels and conquests.
And today Walpurgis is one of the mainstay celebrations in the Nordic
countries, right up there with Jul (Christmas) and Midsommar (the longest
day of the year, around June 21). Valborg was joined with already established
traditions, such as the one in southern Sweden where at sundown, youth collected
greens and branches to adorn the houses in the community and were rewarded
with eggs.
Of course any reason to celebrate with the consumption of copious amounts
of alcohol is quickly taken up by students; Walpurgisnacht was and remains
no exception. My own first experience with the day/night, was only
in studying though when, as a student (drama minor), I read and wrote a paper
on Germany's Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's two-part dramatic tragedy, "Faust".
Walpurgisnacht, the night before May first in Germany, is the night when
the witches on the Blocksberg (Germany's tallest peak) celebrated while awaiting
the arrival of Satin.
Fin de Siècle, originally an upper-class celebration in Finland,
has since been taken over by graduated university students, where among other
traditions, they place a student's cap as a crown atop a nude female statue
in Helsinki. There is also the publishing the magazines of Äpy
and Julkku, the former being a joke (printed on toilet tissue or a bed sheets)
though the latter is a real student magazine.
In Finland and elsewhere in Eastern Europe, because of the long Soviet
occupation, the tradition came before the typical May Day celebrations for
Communists and Socialists. But now, other institutions have also taken it
up as a day for special music, speeches and celebrations to agitate the
common people against governments, most often in Germany, when riots have
broken out in recent years.